16-02-2022, 08:38 AM
HI BN,
This is a follow up to Drulactin's (aka-Aria) post about why some people struggle with breast growth. The following will focus on cell inflammation and how it can derail breast growth. And when we talk about inflammation it's inflammation in the cell. Estrogen is known for being anti-inflammatory, but there's another side to this that's not well discussed. It's known as " Proinflammatory cytokines" which are involved in many different diseases. Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. Inflammatory cytokines degrade estrogen alpha and beta receptors, this is troubling because this changes the biological activity of estrogen signaling pathways. As an example: it was found that TNF-α-(tumor necrosis factor alpha) which is a proinflammatory cytokine is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (another estrogen pathway.)
Focusing on breast growth for a minute, pro-inflammatory cytokines (cells) can be found in epithelial cells...in particular MEC's (mammary epithelial cells)...which epithelial cells are secretory, like in lactation. Science has recently discovered that reducing inflammation may reduce the incidence or severity of COVID-19 infections. Taken together, it would be wise to fight systemic inflammation, not just for overall health...but for breast growth too. One product we've discovered and discussed here is PDE4 inhibitors.
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...o=0.310559
And as a bonus cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) down-regulates ROI (reactive oxygen intermediates), which ROI is an initiator of acute inflammation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8613691/
Also, cAMP was found to be pivotal in the enhancement of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and NO production by a mechanism dependent on PKA activity. cAMP is a second messenger, it catalyzes the synthesis of Adenylyl Cyclase from the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). And this synthesis of adenylyl cyclase increases estrogen-activated gene transcription...in other words new breast growth.
More to follow.
[Focusing on tissue biomarkers. Estrogens as key players in the immune response and autoimmunity]
[Article in Hu]
Barna Vásárhelyi et al. Orv Hetil. 2015.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26654543/
Characterization of primary human mammary epithelial cells isolated and propagated by conditional reprogrammed cell culture
The mature human mammary gland is a compound tubuloalveolar structure composed of milk-secreting polarized epithelial cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells, and the two-layered tissue organization is surrounded by a basement membrane
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5837767/
This is a follow up to Drulactin's (aka-Aria) post about why some people struggle with breast growth. The following will focus on cell inflammation and how it can derail breast growth. And when we talk about inflammation it's inflammation in the cell. Estrogen is known for being anti-inflammatory, but there's another side to this that's not well discussed. It's known as " Proinflammatory cytokines" which are involved in many different diseases. Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. Inflammatory cytokines degrade estrogen alpha and beta receptors, this is troubling because this changes the biological activity of estrogen signaling pathways. As an example: it was found that TNF-α-(tumor necrosis factor alpha) which is a proinflammatory cytokine is mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (another estrogen pathway.)
Focusing on breast growth for a minute, pro-inflammatory cytokines (cells) can be found in epithelial cells...in particular MEC's (mammary epithelial cells)...which epithelial cells are secretory, like in lactation. Science has recently discovered that reducing inflammation may reduce the incidence or severity of COVID-19 infections. Taken together, it would be wise to fight systemic inflammation, not just for overall health...but for breast growth too. One product we've discovered and discussed here is PDE4 inhibitors.
Quote:inhibition of PDE4 can elevate the intracellular level of cAMP and subsequently modulate the inflammatory responses and maintain the immune balance (Maurice et al., 2014).
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...o=0.310559
And as a bonus cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) down-regulates ROI (reactive oxygen intermediates), which ROI is an initiator of acute inflammation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8613691/
Also, cAMP was found to be pivotal in the enhancement of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and NO production by a mechanism dependent on PKA activity. cAMP is a second messenger, it catalyzes the synthesis of Adenylyl Cyclase from the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). And this synthesis of adenylyl cyclase increases estrogen-activated gene transcription...in other words new breast growth.
More to follow.
[Focusing on tissue biomarkers. Estrogens as key players in the immune response and autoimmunity]
[Article in Hu]
Barna Vásárhelyi et al. Orv Hetil. 2015.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26654543/
Characterization of primary human mammary epithelial cells isolated and propagated by conditional reprogrammed cell culture
The mature human mammary gland is a compound tubuloalveolar structure composed of milk-secreting polarized epithelial cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells, and the two-layered tissue organization is surrounded by a basement membrane
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5837767/